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1. Google因面部识别成为隐私权集团诉讼的又一目标。(Google is the Latest Target for a Privacy Class Action Over Facial Scanning)
(图片来源:dannymekic.com)
Google Inc. is the latest tech company to get hit with a privacy class action over its use of facial scanning technology.
In a complaint filed on March 1, Illinois resident Lindabeth Rivera alleges that Google unlawfully collects and stores “face templates,” or “face prints,” of individuals without their consent. Rivera’s lawyers filed the case in U.S. District Court in Chicago.
According to the complaint, Google uses the face prints to identify individuals in photos uploaded to its cloud-based photo storing service, Google Photo. Rivera says she is not a Google Photo user but Google nonetheless identified her in pictures uploaded by someone else.
Rivera’s lawyers brought the case under an Illinois state law called the Biometric Information Privacy Act. Enacted in 2008, BIPA requires private entities to notify individuals that their data is being collected and obtain their consent in writing.?BIPA calls for hefty statutory damages of either $1,000 or $5,000 per offense (depending on the defendant’s state of mind), plus costs and attorney fees. (Corporate Counsel)
面部扫描识别不仅是一个技术问题,也是一个法律问题。2015年,脸书(Facebook)和Shutterfly就因为未经同意使用面部识别技术来辨识用户而遭到集团诉讼。现在,Google也遭到了类似的隐私权集团诉讼。
美国伊利诺斯州的一名居民Lindabeth Rivera在3月1日提起诉讼,称Google在未经同意的情况下,非法采集和存储个人“脸部特征”和“脸部图片”。Rivera的律师在芝加哥的美国地区法院提起该诉讼。
据原告称, Google利用面部图片来对那些上传到其云照片存储服务(Google Photo)中的个人图片进行识别。Rivera称她不是Google Photo的用户,但Google却在其他人上传的照片中识别出她。
Rivera的律师根据伊利诺斯州的《生物测量信息隐私法案》(Biometric Information Privacy Act)提起该诉讼。该部州法律于2008年颁布,要求私人主体在收集个人信息时须履行告知义务并征得书面同意。在违反这些要求时,该法案规定了巨大的赔偿金,包括每次违反须支付1000美元或5000美元的法定赔偿金(视被告的主观过错而定),加上诉讼成本和律师费。
2. 二十一世纪的合同审核:德勤宣布使用Kira人工智能合同审核软件。(21st Century Contract Review: Deloitte Announces Deployment of Kira A.I. Software)
(图片来源:amazonaws.com)
Those fretting about the overreliance of machines, and the prospect of “machine-learning,” may be too late to the game — and may soon find themselves left behind in industry’s future.
Deloitte announced a partnership its Kira systems, a provider of A.I. machine learning software focusing on contract analysis and document review. Deloitte has deployed a customized version Kira’s software throughout its audit and consulting departments to increase its operational efficiency and productivity.
What kept Deloitte’s interest in Kira’s technology was its ability to adapt to a large variety of documents and functions, a pivotal need for any company with highly diversified record review operations. (Legaltech News)
那些还在担忧对机器过度依赖以及“机器学习”前景的人们,可能已经无法赶上这场变革,而且可能会发现自己将远远滞后于行业未来的发展。
目前,德勤宣布和一家人工智能系统提供商Kira进行合作。Kira提供人工职能机器学习软件,主要领域是合同分析和文件审核。德勤已经在其审计和咨询部门部署了定制的Kira软件,来提高自身的运营效率和产出效率。
德勤对Kira技术的兴趣,主要在于它能够适应大量不同种类的文件和功能,这对于一个覆盖高度多样化记录审核作业的公司来说显得尤为关键。
3. 共享办公空间初创企业WeWork获得弘毅投资领投的4.3亿美元新一轮融资,估值达到160亿美元。(WeWork Raises $430M Led by Legend, Lenovo’s Founder at $16B Valuation)
(图片来源:foundersspace.com)
New York-based co-working space start-up?WeWork?raised $430 million in a new financing round led by Chinese private equity firm?Hony Capital, a unit of? Legend Holdings, whose founder and chairman is?Liu Chuanzhi Liu, the founder of?Lenovo, the largest computer maker in the world.
WeWork was reportedly valued in this round at $16 billion.
In contrast, its well established competitor Regus PLC, which controls more than 40 million square feet of executive co-working office space and business centers globally, with revenue (ttm) of USD$2.59 billion and EBITDA (ttm) of USD$394.66 million, has a market capitalization of only USD $3.83 billion. (exithub.com)
WeWork是一家总部位于纽约的共享办公空间初创企业,目前该企业在新一轮融资中筹得4.3亿美元,而领投方就是联想控股的PE弘毅投资。当然老外媒体还是要介绍一下,联想控股的创始人和董事长是柳传志,也就是世界最大PC制造商Lenovo的创始人。
据报道,WeWork 在这一轮融资中估值达到160亿美元。(可以学学“was reportedly valued”中reportedly的位置用法)
对比之下,另一家成熟的竞争对手Regus PLC反倒相形见绌了。Regus PLC在全球控制着超过4千万平方英尺的共享行政办公空间和商业中心,最近12个月的收入为25.9亿美元、EBITDA(息税折旧摊销前利润)为3.9466亿美元,市值仅为38.3亿美元。
4. 纳斯达克将以11亿美元收购国际证券交易所。(Nasdaq to buy options exchange ISE for $1.1bn)
Nasdaq agreed to buy options exchange operator International Securities Exchange for $1.1 billion, in a deal that gives it control of nearly 40% of the US options market.
Nasdaq, which is buying?ISE?from?Deutsche?B?rse, expects to complete the deal in the second half of 2016 and fund it with a mix of debt and cash on hand.
ISE operates three electronic options exchanges – ISE, ISE?Gemini?and ISE Mercury – which serve as the venues for more than 15% of trading in US options. Nasdaq operates Nasdaq?PHLX, Nasdaq Options Market?and Nasdaq BX Options.
As part of the transaction, Nasdaq will gain an additional 20% stake in the?Options Clearing Corp, for a total position of 40% in the world’s largest equity derivatives clearing corporation. (efinancialnews.com)
纳斯达克(Nasdaq)同意以11亿美元从德国证券交易所(Deutsche?B?rse)手中收购期权交易运营商国际证券交易所(International Securities Exchange),该笔交易将使纳斯达克控制接近40%的美国期权市场。
纳斯达克将采用债务融资加现金相结合的方式为该笔交易筹措资金,并预期该笔交易将于2016年下半年完成。
国际证券交易所运营着三个电子期权交易所:ISE、ISE?Gemini?和ISE Mercury。这三个交易所提供超过15%的全美期权交易;而纳斯达克运营的包括Nasdaq?PHLX、Nasdaq Options Market和Nasdaq BX Options。
作为交易的一部分,纳斯达克将获得期权清算公司(Options Clearing Corp)20%的额外权益,从而在这个世界最大的股权衍生清算公司的权益达到40%。
5. 马来西亚数百万美元的棕榈油并购交易带来的问题与隐患。(The multimillion dollar palm oil deal we should all be worried about)
(图片来源:www.agricorner.com)
It’s a multimillion dollar tie-up that you’ve heard little about, but could have major implications for the drive towards a more responsible palm oil sector.?
After several weeks of speculation, it is expected that Malaysian state-owned commodities company Felda is about to conclude?negotiations?on the acquisition of a 37% stake in palm oil company PT Eagle High Plantations.
This follows an aborted?$680m deal?late last year, the collapse of which was?put down to?heavy criticism from investors who felt the deal was too expensive. British bank Standard Chartered was also pulled into controversy over the deal and became the target of a campaign asking it not to loan money to Felda.
The deal would bring together two laggards in the palm oil industry when it comes to their lack of commitments towards sustainable palm oil.
Both companies control significant areas of land – Felda Global Ventures Holdings, Felda’s main listed entity,?describes itself?as “the world’s largest palm oil producer and oil palm plantation operator, based on planted hectares” and Eagle High is the sixth?largest palm oil company?on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, based on planted area. (The Guardian)
当大家都在讨论国际石油市场的大风大浪时,可能很少有人关注棕榈油行业。棕榈油是一种热带木本植物油,经过精炼分提,可以得到不同熔点的产品,在餐饮业、食品工业和油脂化工业拥有广泛的用途。东南亚和非洲是棕榈油的主要出产区,其中印度尼西亚、马来西亚和尼日利亚是世界前三大生产国。棕榈油是目前世界上生产量、消费量和国际贸易量最大的植物油品种,与大豆油、菜籽油并称为“世界三大植物油”,所以虽然是看起来不起眼的植物油,却足以构成国际大宗商品贸易的重要品种之一。
在数周的猜测之后,据称马来西亚国有大宗商品公司Felda将要完成收购棕榈油公司PT Eagle High Plantations的37%权益的谈判。
其实去年曾经有过一笔6.8亿美元的交易谈判,但最后夭折,主要原因是投资人认为这笔交易太贵了,完全不值当。连英国渣打银行都被卷入争议漩涡,被呼吁不要贷款给Felda来帮助其完成此项交易。
现在这笔交易换个了方式,并且预期将要达成。虽然人们对这笔数百万美元的交易知之甚少,但它可能对更加负责任的棕榈油行业未来产生影响。从社会责任和可持续发展角度来说,这笔交易的双方都是棕榈油行业的落后者,而现在他们结合在一起。
这两家公司都控制着大量的种植地。Felda的主要上市公司Felda Global Ventures Holdings称自己“按照种植公顷来衡量,是全球最大的棕榈油生产商和油棕榈种植园作业者”。而根据种植面积,Eagle High是印尼证券交易所第六大棕榈油上市公司。
之前就有对这两家公司滥砍森林、剥削劳工的批评,现在两家结合在一起似乎可能变本加厉。从合规的角度来说,这两家公司的销售客户包括嘉吉(Cargill), Golden Agri-Resources和 Wilmar等,而这些客户都有不砍伐森林、不在泥炭地种植、不剥削(no deforestation, no peat, and no exploitation)的合规政策要求,因此如果供应链条上出现此类问题,将不得不另选供应商。因此,从这两家公司来说,市场也在担心可能的交易风险;而从那些采购方来说,也需要密切关注下一步的合规风险。
6. 英国高等法院驳回仲裁利益冲突案件,认为国际律协指引存在缺陷。(High Court dismisses conflict of interest challenge, finding 'weaknesses' in IBA guidelines)
(图片来源:westvirginiaconservative.com)
The fact that an arbitrator was a partner in a law firm that did some work for a company connected to one of the parties to the arbitration was not enough to suggest a conflict of interest, an English court has ruled.
The party challenging the arbitrator's award, which was a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, had attempted to rely on the 2014 International Bar Association (IBA) guidelines on conflicts of interest, which state that a conflict arises where the arbitrator "or his or her firm derives significant financial income" from providing regular advice to "the party, or an affiliate of the party". However, High Court judge Mr Justice Knowles said that no "fair minded and informed observer" could conclude that there was bias in this case.
The judge said that although the IBA guidelines made "a distinguished contribution in the field of international arbitration", the case in dispute suggested that they contained some "weaknesses". (Out-law.com)
利益冲突一直是法律行业非常敏感的话题。在仲裁中,如果一名仲裁员曾经是为一方当事人的关联公司提供法律服务的律师事务所的合伙人,那么是否存在利益冲突?现在英国法院判决称,仅仅存在此种情形并不必然意味着利益冲突。
挑战该仲裁员裁决的一方当事人,是一家注册在英属维尔京群岛(BVI)的公司。该当事人试图依照国际律师协会(IBA)关于利益冲突的指引,要求否认仲裁裁决的效力。IBA指引中说,如果仲裁员“或者他/她所在的律所在为一方当事人或其关联主体”提供定期咨询中“获得重大经济利益”,那么就存在利益冲突。
然而,高等法院Knowles法官称,任何“公平而熟悉该案的旁观者”("fair minded and informed observer")都不会得出仲裁员在该案中存在偏见的结论。该法官说,尽管IBA指引在“国际仲裁领域起到突出作用”,但本案显示这些指引还存在一些“缺陷”。
实际上,该案中的情形在英国法下不能满足明显偏见的标准,而对于IBA的指引,如本案涉及的不可豁免情形清单(Non-Waivable Red List),并不具有强制约束力。实际上,IBA的指引要考虑全球范围方方面面的因素,有的在一些国家可能构成利益冲突,有的则可能不构成,很多时候也和一个国家的文化有关。例如小编在参加一次仲裁年会时,一名参会者就提问说,如果仲裁员和当事人一方的代理律师是师生关系,算不算有利益冲突?结果境外的嘉宾很诧异,师生关系怎么会产生利益冲突呢?弄得提问的人很没办法解释。其实在国内就很好理解,如果你导师是你代理的一个仲裁案件的仲裁员,那通常情况下几乎不亚于亲属关系,你懂的。
当然这个案子法官的判决尽可能保持在程序上打圈圈,认为英国法下不构成利益冲突。如果再多走一步,用"fair minded and informed observer"标准来判断裁决在实体问题上是否存在偏见,从而认定不存在利益冲突而判驳,就可能触碰审理仲裁实体问题的红线。其实,小编认为这个问题还是隐约存在的。如何判断一个仲裁员不存在偏见、不存在利益冲突,是一个主观标准和客观标准交织的问题。IBA指引尽可能列举了各种客观标准(如存在各种冲突关系),当然存在客观利益冲突的法官主观上未必会做出不公正的裁判;而根据"fair minded and informed observer"的标准,则更偏主观,此时如何判断不存在偏见?如果构成客观冲突关系本身不足以证明存在偏见,仲裁程序上又正常进行,仲裁员内心从哲学层面无法被“知”,那恐怕还是要纠缠到实体上是否存在偏见的问题,使得法院对仲裁裁决的审理变得微妙。
7. Neuberger勋爵庆祝英国最高法院在猫途鹰旅游景点排名中获得4.5星的高分。(Lord Neuberger celebrates Supreme Court’s 4.5 star TripAdvisor rating)
Lord Neuberger couldn’t resist trumpeting the Supreme Court’s 4.5 star rating on TripAdvisor late last week, during a speech about innovation in justice.
Addressing lawyers and legal academics in Belfast, Neuberger described how the Supreme Court was becoming one of the most popular attractions in London.
Admitting that he had checked the rating prior to his attendance in Belfast, the president of the Supreme Court also couldn’t resist informing those gathered that the “traveller rating” was given as “excellent”, meaning Neuberger — and his fellow justices — “must be getting something right”.
A quick glance of the courts TripAdvisor page (screenshotted below) reveals a host of satisfied visitors. Words such as “enjoyable”, “fascinating” and “must see” were employed by users of the ratings website to describe their visits. However “Paul D” from Concord, Massachusetts, was left slightly underwhelmed by the whole experience, telling users:
This is free. It is a courthouse and not much more. I did not catch any trials which might have been more interesting. It was free, though.
(图片来源:Legal Cheek)
In his speech, Neuberger also revealed that the Supreme Court building could stay opening in evenings in future, so those of us with jobs could come visit after work. But the top judge accepted that it might be pushing it to ask court proceedings to continue into the night. (Legal Cheek)
上周,英国最高法院在猫途鹰(TripAdvisor)的旅游景点评分中获得了4.5星的高分。对此,首席大法官Neuberger勋爵在司法创新演讲中也忍不住吹嘘一番。
在北爱尔兰首府贝尔法斯特就律师和法律学术进行演说时,Neuberger大法官描述了英国最高法院如何成为伦敦最受欢迎的景点之一。
作为英国最高法院院长,Neuberger表示在出席演说前已经检查确认了这一景点排名,并不禁告诉那些参会的人说,最高法院在“旅游者排名”中属于“极好”,这意味着院长和他的法官同事们“一定是做对了”。
小伙伴们登录猫途鹰的网站,可以看到许多旅游者对位于伦敦的英国最高法院表示满意。很多该网站用户用“令人愉快的”、“迷人的”和“必看景点”等来描述他们的参观感受。然而,一位来自美国马萨诸塞州康科德的“Paul D”似乎有些不太满意,他评论说:“没错,它是免费的。不过它仅仅是个法院而已,而且我还没赶上任何开庭,就显得更加无趣,尽管是免费的。”
在Neuberger勋爵的演讲中,他透露说最高法院大楼将来会在晚上也开放,这样方便那些白天需要上班工作的人们下班后来参观。但这位大法官也承认,如果让法院开庭也持续到晚上进行,确实有点勉为其难。
看来,Neuberger勋爵正在不遗余力地带领英国最高法院追逐五星旅游景点。
按照自身官网的说明,猫途鹰(TripAdvisor)是一家全球性的旅行社区,汇聚来自全球旅行者的2亿条真实点评,覆盖超过190个国家的酒店、景点和餐厅,还有丰富的攻略、指南和推荐。(非广告,因此请小伙伴们谨慎鉴别哈)
8. 阿拉巴马州最高法院驳回同性婚姻挑战。(Alabama supreme court dismisses gay-marriage challenge)
(图片来源:AP)
The Alabama supreme court refused on Friday to defy the?US supreme court ruling that effectively legalized same-sex marriage nationwide, cutting off a conservative bid to prevent gay weddings in the state.?
The court issued a one-sentence order dismissing a challenge by a probate judge and a conservative policy group that wanted the state to bar gay marriage despite the landmark federal decision.
In one of several written opinions accompanying the order, Justice Greg Shaw called the decision a “clear refusal” to ignore the supreme court ruling last June.
Several other state justices railed against the high court’s ruling while noting they can’t overturn it. (The Guardian)
上周五,阿拉巴马州最高法院拒绝挑战美国最高法院在全国范围内合法化同性婚姻的判决,从而否定了要求在该州范围内禁止同性婚姻的保守要求,维持了美国最高法院的判决权威。
针对一名遗嘱检验法官和一个保守政策团体提出的挑战,该法院做出了一句话的简短判令,驳回了请求,“明确拒绝”对美国最高法院在2015年6月份的判决置之不理。
其他一些州法官对最高法院的判决一直怨声不断,但也清楚无法推翻这一判决。
9. 伊朗亿万富翁因贪污腐败等罪名被判死刑。(Iranian billionaire sentenced to death)
(图片来源:CNN)
Iranian billionaire Babak Zanjani has been sentenced to death for corruption, authorities said Sunday.
Zanjani and two others were convicted of embezzling billions of dollars from the national oil company, judiciary spokesman Gholam Hossein Ejei said.
One of the charges he faces is "corruption on earth," which carries the death penalty, according to Iranian state TV.
The oil mogul was sanctioned by the EU and the United States for helping Iran evade sanctions.
He was arrested in December 2013. (CNN)
周日,伊朗当局称,伊朗亿万富翁Babak Zanjani因腐败被判处死刑。司法发言人Gholam Hossein Ejei说,Zanjani和其他两名人员被判定从国家石油公司贪污数十亿美元。根据伊朗国家电视台报道,Zanjani面临的指控之一是“巨额腐败”,触犯该罪名将会被处以死刑。
实际上,这位石油大亨之前因为帮助伊朗逃避制裁而被欧盟和美国制裁,之后却于2013年12月被伊朗逮捕。
据报道,此人现年41岁,而被判罪名中包括欺诈。可见在西方世界和伊朗的游戏中,很可能该名亿万富翁也玩起了自己的小游戏,利用信息和资源不对称,企图借机大捞一笔,结果钱捞够了,人却进去了。当然对于广大法律人士来说,也提醒大家对于涉及制裁的各种交易需要谨慎,尤其是其中复杂的利益关系和各方的大小算盘,否则不仅可能出现合规风险,也可能导致各种意想不到的后果。
10. 马绍尔群岛将全球核大国都告上国际法院,意在推动核裁军。(Marshall Islands begins legal action aimed at global nuclear disarmament)
(图片来源:skyscrapercity.com)
South Pacific state argues at International Court of Justice that health and lives of its people destroyed by dozens of nuclear tests along its territory from 1946-1958.
The Marshall Islands has begun an extraordinary legal challenge against the world’s nuclear powers, aiming to reinvigorate momentum towards global nuclear disarmament.
The tiny south Pacific state will argue before the International Court of Justice in The Hague that the health and lives of its citizens have been destroyed by the dozens of nuclear tests conducted along its territory between 1946 and 1958.
The Marshall Islands initially filed cases against all nine known or suspected nuclear weapons states – the US, Russia, Britain, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea.
But only the cases against the UK, India, and Pakistan have reached the current preliminary stage of proceedings before the court, because the other six nations have refused to participate.
While the UK is a party to the NPT, India and Pakistan are not, but the Marshall Islands argues the principle of disarmament is sufficiently well-established in international law to be considered customary law. (The Guardian)
马绍尔群岛是南太平洋的一个岛国,该岛国作出了一个惊世之举,将全球所有的核大国告上国际法院,意图重新推动全球核裁军。
这个南太平洋的弹丸之国向海牙的国际法院起诉称,该国居民的健康和生活被1946-1958年间该国国境附近的数十次核试验所毁坏。
该国最初将所有九个已知或疑似已经拥有核武器的国家都告上法庭,包括美国、俄罗斯、英国、法国、中国、印度、巴基斯坦、以色列和北朝鲜。不过只有英国、印度和巴基斯坦三个国家的案子进入当前的初步诉讼程序,因为其他六个国家都拒绝参加诉讼。在这三个国家的案子中,又只有英国是核不扩散条约(NPT)的成员国,印度和巴基斯坦都不是。不过马绍尔群岛称,按照国际法,核裁军原则已经得到充分确认成为惯例法,所以即便不是核不扩散条约成员国,也要遵守该原则。
11. 加州大学伯克利分校法学院院长在被起诉性骚扰后“不定期休假”。(UC Berkeley law dean on 'indefinite leave' over sexual harassment suit)
(图片来源:feina.es)
Dean Sujit Choudhry’s former executive assistant is suing him for sexual harassment, and the university board for failing to ‘take complaints seriously’.
The dean of UC Berkeley’s law school went on an indefinite leave of absence Wednesday after his executive assistant sued him over allegations of sexual harassment. She is also suing the University of California Board of Regents for, in her view, not doing enough to prevent it.
Berkeley law dean Sujit Choudhry will remain as a faculty member and earn a professor’s salary at the school while an interim dean serves in his place, provost Claude Steele announced in a statement Wednesday.
Choudhry’s assistant, Tyann Sorrell, said in a lawsuit filed Tuesday that she brought the case because the dean acknowledged kissing and touching her repeatedly but received only a temporary pay cut as punishment following a campus investigation last year. (The Guardian)
加州大学伯克利分校近日爆出丑闻,本周二该校法学院院长Sujit Choudhry被前行政助理Tyann Sorrell告上法庭,指控其性骚扰,连同被告的还有校董事会, 被称未能“严肃处理投诉”、防止事件发生。
在被起诉后,该院长周三开始不定期休假。教务长Claude Steele在周三的声明中说,Sujit Choudhry将继续担任法学院教师,按照教授标准支付薪酬,同时由一名临时院长暂时代行职责。
该助理在诉讼中称, Choudhry已经承认屡次亲吻和触碰她,而去年校方调查后却仅仅以临时降低薪酬作为惩罚,这是她提起诉讼的原因。
12. 哈佛大学法学院在学生抗议的压力下最终放弃官方院徽。(Harvard Law School ditches official emblem after student protest)
(图片来源:legalcheek.com)
American law students have more success than their Oxford counterparts.
Harvard Law School has finally caved under the pressure of its relentless students — and has agreed to change its official crest.
For months,?a campaign urging the prestigious American law faculty to change its official seal?has rumbled on. Students expressed intense concern that the crest — which features three wheat sheaves — has strong links to slavery, and should be changed.
This well-publicised campaign is part of?a wider ban culture?present in universities and colleges across the country, and the world. Last month,?a London law student even filed a motion?asking for his uni’s free speech group to be banned — a telling example of this ever growing trend.
Late last year, Oxford University law student Ntokozo Qwabe led a particularly vocal campaign calling for a statue erected in honour of British imperialist Cecil Rhodes to be removed.
Qwabe, who was criticised by many for having accepted a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Oxford, claimed the statue — situated at the front of Oriel College — was not only offensive, but at odds with the university’s inclusive culture.
Having considered the views and opinions of students and staff, the college’s governing body confirmed back in January that?the statue would not be removed. (Legal Cheek)
数月来,一场要求哈佛法学院改变其官方印鉴徽章的运动席卷而来。该徽章历史悠久,以三捆麦束为特征。而法学院学生们则对该徽章表达了高度不满,认为其带有奴隶制的强烈暗示,要求更换院徽。在学生们的巨大压力下,哈佛法学院最终不得不低头,同意更换其官方院徽。
实际上,不知何时起,美国乃至全球的大学和学院掀起了一场取缔除旧的文化浪潮。而哈佛大学这场公众关注的运动正是其中一部分。目前该浪潮正在如火如荼地发展之中,一个生动的例子是,2016年2月一名伦敦学生甚至提出请求,要禁止其所在大学的自由言论团体。
相比之下,美国法学院的学生们比英国牛津的同仁们要成功得多。
去年底,牛津大学法学院学生Ntokozo Qwabe领导了一场特别运动,要求移除一座纪念英国帝国主义者Cecil Rhodes的雕像。他称位于牛津大学奥里尔学院内前部的这座雕像不仅具有冒犯性,而且与大学的包容文化相冲突。不过,他的行为也招致许多批评,因为他本身就是接受Cecil Rhodes的Rhodes奖学金而在牛津读书。当然,他的回应也很有意思,说自己接受的奖学金从来就不是Rhodes的钱,而是Rhodes掠夺和剥削非洲人民的血汗钱。然而在考虑各方意见后,学校管理机构在1月份确认说不会移除该雕像。
实习编辑/张雨
为无讼投稿/tougao@wusongtech.com