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1. 欧洲法院法官可能在英国脱欧公投之前作出判决，从而限制英国政府的监控权力。
EU judges could limit UK surveillance powers before referendum
EU judges in Luxembourg could limit key powers in UK surveillance laws just weeks before Britain votes on its EU membership.
An emergency hearing on the bulk interception of communications data has been scheduled for 12 April at the European court of justice (ECJ), whose rulings are binding on UK courts. Its final decision could have a decisive impact on the powers of GCHQ, the Cheltenham-based monitoring agency, and could come shortly before Britons decide whether to remain in or leave the EU on 23 June.
The role of the ECJ, the EU’s highest court, has become more controversial as the referendum campaign is about to get under way.
Whereas judgments from the European court of human rights in Strasbourg have only to be taken into account, those from the ECJ effectively have the force of law in UK courts.
For years ECJ cases dealt almost exclusively with commercial matters, but the court’s reach has expanded recently to include privacy, prisoners’ rights and whether women can wear headscarves at work.
In an attempt to limit the power of EU judges, the government – initially spurred on by Boris Johnson and Michael Gove – is preparing a sovereignty bill which is said to transform the UK’s supreme court into a constitutional court capable of resisting undesirable rulings from EU judges. (The Guardian)
英国加入欧盟的代价之一，就是接受欧盟法律和司法的管辖。这不，卢森堡的欧盟法官可能在英国就脱离欧盟进行公投之前做出判决，从而限制英国监控法律中赋予政府的关键权力。
欧洲法院预定在4月12日对通信数据的大量监听举行紧急审理，并有可能在6月23日英国就是否脱欧公投之前作出判决。该最终判决将对英国法院具有约束力，并对英国政府通信总部（GCHQ）的权力产生决定性的影响。
实际上，随着公投的临近，欧洲法院的角色越来越具有争议性。尽管位于法国斯特拉斯堡的欧洲人权法院的判决只是作为参考，欧洲法院的判决则在英国法院中具有法律的效力。
历年来，欧洲法院受理的基本全都是商事案件，但近期却扩展到隐私、囚犯权利和女性是否可以在工作时戴头巾等案件。
在伦敦市长Boris Johnson和保守党国会议员Michael Gove的最初推动下，英国政府为了限制欧洲法院法官的权力，正在准备一项主权法案，据称该法案将英国最高法院转变为一个宪法法院，从而能够拒绝那些不受欢迎的欧盟法院判决。
看来不论英国是否脱欧，都够英国法律同仁们忙碌操心的了。
2. 统计报告显示，新加坡的国际仲裁逐步增长。
Arbitration on the rise in Singapore
（图片来源：Global Legal Post）
According to the SIAC, the number of new cases filed last year was up by almost a quarter. The record-making round of 271 new cases hailed from 55 different jurisdictions and represented a 22 per cent increase on the 222 cases recorded in 2014.
The total sum in dispute also hit an unprecedented high in 2015, weighing in at around S$6.2bn (£3.2bn). This was a jump of 24 per cent from the S$5bn recorded in 2014 and a 3 per cent increase on the S$6bn disputed in 2013.
The Singapore International Mediation Centre (SIMC) has also released its first annual report since launching in November 2014. The centre received its first case a month later and racked up five more new cases over the course of 2015, three of which were Arb-Med-Arb cases jointly administered with the SIAC.
Every case filed with the SIMC involved at least one foreign party, and all were successfully settled. The sums in dispute ranged from S$5m to more than S$600m. (Global Legal Post; The Lawyer)
根据新加坡国际仲裁中心（SIAC）的统计，2015年新受理案件的数量增长了几乎四分之一，从2014年的222件上升到2015年的271件新案件，分别来自55个不同法域，创下了历史记录。从争议总金额来看，也达到了前所未有的约62亿新元（32亿英镑），而2014年为50亿新元、2013年为60亿新元，相比分别增长了24%和3%。
新加坡国际调解中心（Singapore International Mediation Centre， SIMC）也发布了自2014年11月启动以来的首份年度报告。该中心启动一个月后就受理了第一个案件，并在2015年进一步受理了五个新案件，其中三个是和新仲共同管理的仲裁-调解-仲裁（Arb-Med-Arb）模式案件。所有提交至新加坡国际调解中心的案件都至少涉及一方外国当事人，并且这些案件都成功得到调解。案件争议金额从500万新元到超过6亿新元不等。
在新仲的仲裁-调解-仲裁（Arb-Med-Arb）模式中，一项争议首先被提交至仲裁，在仲裁过程中如果当事方能够达成调解，则调解方案将被记录作为一致裁决。该一致裁决通常被认可为仲裁裁决，除当地法律另有规定或要求外，将可以按照纽约公约在大约150个国家申请执行。如果当事方无法通过调解解决争议，则可继续仲裁程序。具体可参见新仲官网说明：
SIAC-SIMC Arb-Med-Arb Model Clause (“Arb-Med-Arb Clause”)
Arb-Med-Arb is a process where a dispute is first referred to arbitration before mediation is attempted. If parties are able to settle their dispute through mediation, their mediated settlement may be recorded as a consent award. The consent award is generally accepted as an arbitral award, and, subject to any local legislation and/or requirements, is generally enforceable in approximately 150 countries under the New York Convention. If parties are unable to settle their dispute through mediation, they may continue with the arbitration proceedings.
Parties wishing to take advantage of this tiered dispute resolution mechanism as administered by SIAC and SIMC, may consider incorporating the following Arb-Med-Arb Clause in their contracts:
The Singapore Arb-Med-Arb Clause
Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration administered by the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (“SIAC”) in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (“SIAC Rules”) for the time being in force, which rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference in this clause.
The seat of the arbitration shall be [Singapore].*
The Tribunal shall consist of _________________** arbitrator(s).
The language of the arbitration shall be ________________.
The parties further agree that following the commencement of arbitration, they will attempt in good faith to resolve the Dispute through mediation at the Singapore International Mediation Centre (“SIMC”), in accordance with the SIAC-SIMC Arb-Med-Arb Protocol for the time being in force. Any settlement reached in the course of the mediation shall be referred to the arbitral tribunal appointed by SIAC and may be made a consent award on agreed terms.
* Parties should specify the seat of arbitration of their choice. If the parties wish to select an alternative seat to Singapore, please replace “[Singapore]” with the city and country of choice (e.g., “[City, Country]”).
** State an odd number. Either state one, or state three.
3. 网络黑客盯上全球一流律所。
Cybercriminal targets elite law firms
A Russian cybercriminal has targeted nearly 50 elite law firms to collect confidential client information for financial gain.
An alert from New York-based threat intelligence firm Flashpoint warns that a broker named ‘Oleras’ has been attempting since January to hire hackers to break into law firms' computer systems, in order to learn in advance which companies are to be merged and leverage this information for insider trading. According to the alert, Oleras intended to then launder the money through front companies in Belize and Cypriot bank accounts.
A spreadsheet of potential marks includes Magic Circle outfits Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer and Allen & Overy and 46 of the US’ largest firms, including Latham & Watkins, Kirkland & Ellis and Jones Day.
A spokeswoman for Flashpoint said the firm had notified law enforcement and the FBI was investigating as of 4 March, when it published its own industry alert detailing the threat. (Global Legal Post; Business Insurance; Crain’s Chicago Business)
据报道称，一名俄罗斯网络黑客为了牟利，已经将近50家全球一流律所作为攻击对象，来窃取保密的客户信息。
Flashpoint是一家纽约的安全威胁情报公司，该公司发出警告称，从1月份以来，一名叫做“Oleras”的经纪人试图雇用黑客来进入律所的计算机系统，从而提前获知哪些公司将要被并购，以此作为内幕交易的筹码。据该警告称，Oleras打算得手后通过前端公司在伯利兹和塞浦路斯的银行账户来洗钱。
一份潜在受攻击的律所清单里，包括了英国魔术圈的富而德（Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer）、安理（Allen & Overy）和46家美国大所，如瑞生（Latham & Watkins）、凯易（Kirkland & Ellis）和众达（Jones Day）等。
Flashpoint称其已经就此事通知了执法部门，在3月4日该公司公布详细的威胁警告时，FBI已经介入调查。
4. 英国律所被星期五黑客诈骗了8500万英镑。
UK law firms lose £85m to Friday hackers
（图片来源：chinaz.com）
Hackers have stolen £85m from British law firms in the past 18 months in so-called 'Friday afternoon fraud'.
The end of the working week is the preferred time to strike as this is when many housing deals complete and solicitors move their clients’ money. The targets are often smaller, high street law firms that lack strong internet security systems.
Insurance company QBE said there have been 150 successful instances of such fraud and 10 times as many failed attempts. According to the company, the attacks started two years ago but have recently spiked; a QBE claims manager told the Financial Times that the money taken has ranged from £65,000 to 1.9m. Often only a fraction, if any, is recovered.
Previously, hackers would call law firms pretending to be bank staff investigating suspicious transactions and persuade the firm to send cash payments to their accounts, ostensibly as a test. But email is now increasingly used instead, with hackers accessing firms’ or clients’ email accounts through a fake software download. They then find a transaction that is about to complete and email the lawyers asking for the money to be sent to a different account. (Global Legal Post)
在过去的18个月里，英国律所在“星期五下午诈骗”中被黑客窃取了8500万英镑。
在一周的工作日快要结束时，通常是许多房屋交易完成、律师们正在转移客户资金的时候，因而也是黑客发起攻击的好时机。攻击对象通常是较小的街市律所，它们缺乏较强的网络安全系统。
保险公司QBE称，之前已经发生过150起此类欺诈的成功案件，更有10倍于此的未成功攻击。该公司表示，这些攻击在两年前就开始了，但最近才引起注意。一名QBE索赔部经理告诉《金融时报》说，这些被窃款项金额从6.5万英镑到190万英镑不等，而其中最多只有一部分被追回。
之前，黑客会假装是银行工作人员给律所打电话，声称调查可疑交易并劝说律所向黑客自身的账户上汇入现金，表面上看起来是一个测试，其实已经把律所的钱骗走了。而现在，由于越来越多地使用电子邮件，黑客可以通过伪造软件下载来进入律所或客户的邮件账户，然后发现一个将要完成的交易，并邮件告诉律师要求将款项支付到另一个账号上，借此诈骗钱财。
5. 玻利维亚准备就河流水域争端将智利告上国际法院。
Bolivia to take water dispute with Chile to UN court
Bolivia says it owns the Silala spring in a border region and that it is not being compensated by Chile for the use of its waters.
But Chile says it is an international waterway of shared use.
Bolivia had brought up another case against Chile at the Hague-based ICJ, demanding access to the Pacific Ocean.
The River Silala rises in Bolivia but flows down the Andes into Chile.
"We have decided as a pacifist country to go to The Hague so that Chile respects our water in Silala," Mr Morales said.
Chile's Foreign Minister Heraldo Munoz said the country could file a counterclaim.
Bolivia lost 400km (240 miles) of coast to Chile in a 19th-Century war and has been landlocked ever since. (BBC)
南美洲的斯拉拉河（Silala spring）起源于玻利维亚，但经由安第斯山脉流入智利。玻利维亚声称边境地区的斯拉拉河属于该国，而智利使用该河河水却没有付费。而智利方面则称这是一条国际河流，属于双方共同使用。
玻利维亚总统Morales称，“作为一个和平国家，我们决定向海牙国际法院起诉，这样智利才会尊重我们斯拉拉河的河水。”而智利外交部长Heraldo Munoz则称智利将可能会提出反诉。
此前，玻利维亚在海牙国际法院对智利提起了另一件诉讼案件，要求获得太平洋的入海口。
在19世纪的战争中，玻利维亚丧失了400千米的海岸线，这些海岸线成为智利的领土，从此至今玻利维亚成为一个内陆国家。
6. 联合国海牙战争犯罪法庭前官员Florence Hartmann因藐视法庭罪被监禁。
Florence Hartmann jailed over war crimes court contempt
(图片来源： BBC)
A former official at the UN war crimes tribunal at The Hague is being kept in isolation with lights permanently on, her lawyer says.
French journalist Florence Hartmann, once a court spokeswoman, was arrested over a 2009 conviction for contempt for disclosing confidential documents.
She was initially sentenced to a fine, but this changed to seven days' jail when the court ruled she had not paid.
Hartmann, 53, had insisted the money was deposited in a French account.
She was arrested on Thursday in The Hague, where she had gone for the verdict against former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic.
Her lawyer, Guenael Mettraux, told AFP news agency she was being kept "under suicide watch conditions, meaning with light in her cell 24-hours a day and that she is being checked on every 15 minutes by the guards" in a detention unit at the Hague tribunal.
She wrote a book, Peace And Punishment, and an article in which she disclosed the existence of confidential documents on the Serbian government involvement in the Bosnian war of the 1990s. (BBC)
现年53岁的法国记者Florence Hartmann，曾是联合国海牙战争犯罪法庭的发言人，但在2009年因披露保密文件而被判藐视法庭。
最初她被判处罚金，但后来法院认为其拒绝交纳，因此改判为7天监禁，并于上周四（3月24日）在海牙被逮捕，当时她正去海牙报道对前波黑塞族总统卡拉季奇的判决。而Hartmann则坚称该笔罚金已经存至一个法国账户。
Hartmann的律师Guenael Mettraux对法新社称，Hartmann正被羁押在海牙国际仲裁法庭的一个关押室中，处于“自杀监控环境，这意味着她的关押室每天24小时都开着灯、每15分钟都有守卫来查房”。
Hartmann曾写过一本书《和平与惩罚》和一篇文章，在其中她披露说，关于塞族政府卷入20世纪90年代的波黑战争，存在未公诸于世的秘密文件。
7. 报道称，美国中情局拍摄囚犯裸体照片，然后把他们送去受折磨。
CIA photographed detainees naked before sending them to be tortured
（图片来源：worldtribune.com）
Classified pictures showing CIA captives bruised, blindfolded and bound raise new questions about US’s willingness to use ‘sexual humiliation’ on suspects.
A former US official who had seen some of the photographs described them as “very gruesome”.
The naked imagery of CIA captives raises new questions about the seeming willingness of the US to use what one medical and human rights expert called “sexual humiliation” in its post-9/11 captivity of terrorism suspects. Some human rights campaigners described the act of naked photography on unwilling detainees as a potential war crime. (The Guardian)
一组机密照片显示，美国中情局的俘虏赤身裸体、身体受伤、被蒙上眼睛并且双手反绑。这些照片引发了美国是否在对嫌疑犯进行“性侮辱”的新质疑。
看过其中一些照片的一名美国前官员将它们描述为“非常可怕”。
一些人权运动者称这种强行拍摄俘虏裸体照片的行为可能构成战争犯罪。
8. 南非最高法院判决总统雅各布•祖玛违宪。
South Africa's Jacob Zuma 'breached' constitution
South Africa's highest court has ruled that President Jacob Zuma violated the constitution when he failed to repay some of the government money used to upgrade his private home.
The treasury had 60 days to determine how much he should repay, it added.
The ruling is a victory for the opposition, which said it would push for Mr Zuma's impeachment.
It accused him of using "ill-gotten wealth" to upgrade his home with a swimming pool and amphitheatre.
Mr Zuma denied any wrongdoing. He has not yet commented on the ruling. (BBC)
南非最高法院判决，总统雅各布•祖玛未能返还挪用政府资金修缮私人住宅的款项，因此违反了宪法，而具体应返还多少金额则由财政部在60天内确定。
对于意图弹劾祖玛的反对派来说，这一判决是个胜利。反对派指控祖玛使用“不正当手段获得的财富”来修缮自己的私宅，包括一个游泳池和圆形剧场。而祖玛则否认自己有任何不当行为，但到目前尚未对判决作出评论。
9.“侵入民宅”者被杀死案件激起了澳大利亚民众的争论。
'Home invasion' death sparks debate in Australia
An Australian man accused of killing an alleged intruder will remain behind bars in a case provoking debate over laws relating to home invasions.
Ricky Slater-Dickson, 34, allegedly broke into the home Benjamin Batterham, 33, shares with his wife and daughter in Newcastle, north of Sydney. Mr Batterham and a friend reportedly detained Mr Slater-Dickson around 3:30 AEDT (16:30 GMT) on Saturday. Mr Slater-Dickson died in hospital the next day.
Mr Batterham, who faces a murder charge, did not apply for bail at Newcastle Local Court on Tuesday, and the matter was adjourned to 25 May.
It is not clear exactly where Mr Slater-Dickson was detained or how he received injuries severe enough to kill him.
The case has caused a stir on social media and thousands of people have signed petitions pleading for Mr Batterham's release.
"If you can't legally protect yourself, your home and most importantly your family, then what are you supposed to do - lay down and die and let unspeakable things happen to your loved ones while you wait for police?" said one of the petitions.
But Mr Slater-Dickson's family, who claimed he had been invited to the house for a party, said they wanted "justice".
Under New South Wales law, homeowners are entitled to defend themselves against intruders, provided that they do not "intentionally" or "recklessly" kill the person. (BBC)
一名澳大利亚人被指控杀害了一名闯入其家中的入侵者，目前该名澳大利亚人仍然在关押中。这一案件引发了人们对有关侵入民宅法律的争论。
据称，现年34岁的Ricky Slater-Dickson闯入了现年33岁的Benjamin Batterham位于悉尼北部纽卡斯尔的家中，Batterham和他的妻子及女儿共同居住于此。据报道，Batterham和一个朋友在周六澳大利亚东部夏令时间3：30扣留了Slater-Dickson ，第二天Slater-Dickson在医院中死亡。
周二，面临谋杀指控的Batterham并未向纽卡斯尔当地法院申请保释，而该案件也延期到5月25日审理。
目前还不完全清楚，Slater-Dickson在哪里被扣留、如何遭受致命的伤害。
这一案件引发了社会媒体的轰动，成千上万的人们签署请愿书，要求释放Batterham。
其中一份请愿书写到：“如果你不能合法地保护你自己、你的家和最为重要的家庭，那么你还能怎么做？难道在等待警察的时候，只能默默地躺下来受死，让无法形容的惨剧发生在你亲人身上？”
不过Slater-Dickson的家人声称受害人是被邀请到家中去参加聚会的，要求声张“正义”。
根据澳大利亚新南威尔士州的法律，私房屋主有权自我保护来防止入侵者，但不能故意（"intentionally"）或鲁莽草率（"recklessly"）地杀死入侵者。
10. 纽约上诉法院做出判决，被错误招录的学生不能强迫法学院授予LLM学位。
Student admitted by mistake can't compel law school to award LLM degree, appeals court says
（图片来源：shutterstock.com）
A law student mistakenly admitted to a master’s program for foreign law students can’t compel the Touro College Jacob B. Fuchsberg Law Center to award him an LLM degree, a New York appeals court has ruled.
The appeals court said Salvador failed to correct the school’s mistaken belief that he had received his JD from a brick-and-mortar school, a condition of eligibility at Touro. As a result, he could not compel the school to award a degree and could not collect damages.
Salvador says he wasn’t informed until January 2012, a few days before graduation at Touro, that he wouldn’t be getting the LLM. The school said he was ineligible because he graduated from Novus University School of Law, which is an online law school.
Salvador’s admission was based on an omission of a material fact about the nature of the school that gave him a JD degree, the appeals court concluded. Under the law school’s rules, it had no obligation to award Salvador a degree.
Touro’s general counsel, Michael Newman, told the New York Law Journal that the decision “sets a very good precedent in that it holds students cannot be passive in determining whether a program they are applying to meets their needs.” (abajournal.com)
纽约一家上诉法院判决，Salvador作为被美国托罗学院Jacob B. Fuchsberg法律中心错误录取的外国法律硕士项目学生，无权强制要求该学院授予其LLM学位。
上诉法院称，托罗学院错误地认为Salvador在实体学校获得了法律博士学位，因此满足了托罗学院的入学要求，而Salvador却并未对此予以纠正，因此无法强迫学校授予学位，也无权主张赔偿。
Salvador则称他此前并不知道情况，直到2012年1月快要毕业的数天前，才被告知无法获得LLM学位。校方说他实际上毕业于一所网上法学院即Novus大学法学院（而之前校方以为Novus是菲律宾的一个地方、Novus大学是菲律宾的一所传统实体学校），因此压根不具有入学资格。
上诉法院称，托罗学院是由于忽略了Salvador获得法律博士的学校性质这一关键事实才招录了Salvador，因此根据该所法学院的规则，校方没有义务授予LLM学位。
托罗学院的总法律顾问Michael Newman称，这一判决“确立了一个非常好的先例，即学生在确定所申请项目是否符合自身需要时，不能采取消极对待的态度”。